medicine: The Insulin and Diabetes

THE INSULIN & DIABETES:

PANCREAS:

The pancreas Is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans it is located in theabdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide which circulate in the blood. The pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestiveenzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates,proteins, and lipids in the chyme

INSULIN:

When you hear the word Insulin...you may think of a drug taken by people who have diabetes..while this is true, what you may not know is that insulin is one of the hormone created in the human body..it allows blood sugar to get into cells to provide them with energy.

when you heat your body breaksdown food into glucose in your small intestine..glucose travels through your blood stream looking for individual cells that need energy.For glucose to get into the cells,it requires insulin.Insulin is the key that unlock cells for glucose to enter and deliver energy.When insulin arrives it signals the cell to activate transporters.The transporters pull glucose through cell wall.when glucose moves into celll it delivers energy.\

INSULIN DEFICIENCY:

insulin is produced in the pancreas by beta cells.In type 1 diabetes body immune system destroys beta cells and person with type 1 loses the ability to produce insulin while in type 2 diabetes pancreas will not produce enough insulin to meet the body needs,overtime the amount of insulin becomes less and less.

What genes are related to type 1 diabetes?

The causes of type 1 diabetes are unknown, although several risk factors have been identified. The risk of developing type 1 diabetes is increased by certain variants of the HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 genes. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that play a critical role in the immune system. The HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 genes belong to a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria.

SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES:

COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES:

People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing a number of serious health problems. Consistently high blood glucose levels can lead to serious diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves and teeth. In addition, people with diabetes also have a higher risk of developing infections. In almost all high-income countries, diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower limb amputation.